I-VSWR, i-return loss (RL), amandla abonisiwe, namandla adlulisiwe

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), ukulahleka kokubuyisela (RL), amandla abonisiwe, namandla adlulisiwe kuxhunywe nge-coefficient yokubonisa (Γ). Ngezansi amafomula angukhiye nezinyathelo zokuguqula:

### **Amafomula angumongo**
1. **I-Reflection Coefficient (Γ)**:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\text{VSWR} + 1}

2. **VSWR** evela ku-Γ:

\umbhalo{VSWR} = \frac{1 + |\Gamma|}{1 - |\Gamma|}

3. **Ukubuyisela Ukulahlekelwa (RL)** ku-dB:

\umbhalo{RL (dB)} = -20 \log_{10}(|\Gamma|)

4. **Amandla Abonisiwe (%)**:

P_{\text{refl}} = |\Gamma|^2 \izikhathi 100\%

5. **Amandla Adlulisiwe (%)**:

P_{\umbhalo{trans}} = \kwesokunxele(1 - |\Gamma|^2\kwesokudla) \izikhathi 100\%

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### **Izinyathelo Zokuguqula**
#### **1. Iqala nge-VSWR**:
- Bala u-Γ:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\text{VSWR} + 1}

- Sebenzisa u-Γ ukuthola i-RL, amandla abonisiwe, namandla adlulisiwe usebenzisa amafomula angenhla.

#### **2. Iqala Ngokulahleka Kokubuyisela (RL ku-dB)**:
- Bala u-Γ:

|\Gama| = 10^{-\umbhalo{RL}/20}

- Sebenzisa u-Γ ukuthola i-VSWR, amandla abonisiwe, namandla adlulisiwe.

#### **3. Iqala Ngamandla Abonisiwe/Adlulisiwe**:
- Okwakhe **amandla abonisiwe** (\(P_{\text{refl}}\)):

|\Gama| = \sqrt{\frac{P_{\text{refl}}} {100}}

- Okwakhe **amandla adlulisiwe** (\(P_{\text{trans}}\)):

|\Gama| = \sqrt{1 - \frac{P_{\text{trans}}} {100}}

- Sebenzisa u-Γ ukubala i-VSWR ne-RL.

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### **Ithebula Lesibonelo**
| **VSWR** | **Buyisela Ukulahlekelwa (dB)** | **Amandla Abonisiwe (%)** | **Amandla Adlulisiwe (%)** |
|----------|---------------------|------------------------|---------------------------|
| 1.0 | ∞ (Umdlalo ophelele) | 0% | 100% |
| 1.5 | 14.0 dB | 4% | 96% |
| 2.0 | 9.5 dB | 11.1% | 88.9% |
| 3.0 | 6.0 dB | 25% | 75% |

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### **Amanothi Abalulekile**
- A **VSWR ka-1:1** isho ukungabonisi (Γ = 0, RL = ∞).
- **I-VSWR ephezulu** noma **i-RL ephansi** ikhombisa amandla abonakalisiwe kakhulu.
- **Amandla adlulisiwe** andiswa uma i-VSWR ≈ 1.

Sebenzisa lawa mafomula ukuze uguqule phakathi kwamapharamitha wokufanisa i-impedance kumasistimu e-RF.