Imbobo ye-Waveguide - ithebula lokuqhathanisa losayizi we-flange

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kokuthi **ubukhulu bembobo ye-waveguide**, **osayizi be-flange**, kanye ne-**amabhendi wefrikhwensi** busezingeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana komshini nokusebenza okuphelele kwe-RF. Ngezansi kunethebula lokuqhathanisa elenziwe lula kanye nezimiso ezibalulekile zamagagasi amagagasi angunxande avamile nama-flange ahlobene nawo.

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### **Imiqondo Eyinhloko**
1. **Igama le-Waveguide**:
Ama-Waveguides alebulwe ngokuthi "WR" (Rectangular Waveguide) elandelwa inombolo (isb, WR-90). Inombolo icishe ibe **ubukhulu obungaphakathi bodonga olubanzi** ngekhulu le-intshi (isb., WR-90 ≈ 0.90" ububanzi bangaphakathi).
- Isibonelo: WR-90 = 0.9" (22.86 mm) ububanzi bangaphakathi.

2. **Izinhlobo ze-Flange**:
Ama-Flange amisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-waveguides. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:
- **UG/UPC** (MIL-STD): I-flange yezempi esezingeni (isb, UG-387/UPC).
- **CPR** (Ezentengiso): Izindinganiso zaseYurophu (isb, CPR-137).
- **Choke Flanges**: Okokuvuza okuphansi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.
- ** I-Cover Flanges **: Ilula, isetshenziselwa ukuvala i-vacuum.

3. **Amabhendi weFrequency**:
I-waveguide ngayinye isekela ibanga elithile lokuvama ngokusekelwe kubukhulu balo.

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### **Ithebula lokuqhathanisa le-Waveguide-to-Flange**
| **I-Waveguide** | **I-Frequency Range** | **Uhlobo lweFlange** | **Ubukhulu be-Flange (Okuvamile)** | **Izinhlelo zokusebenza** |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **WR-90** | 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band) | UG-387/UPC (MIL) | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 1.872" (47.5 mm) | I-radar, i-satellite comms. |
| **WR-112** | 7.05–10 GHz (C-band) | UG-595/UPC | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 2.400" (61.0 mm) | Irada, ucingo |
| **WR-62** | 12.4–18 GHz (Ku-band) | UG-385/UPC | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 1.250" (31.75 mm) | Isathelayithi, amasistimu ezempi |
| **WR-42** | 18–26.5 GHz (K-band) | UG-383/UPC | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 0.800" (20.3 mm) | irada yamafrikhwensi aphezulu |
| **WR-28** | 26.5–40 GHz (Ka-band) | UG-599/UPC | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 0.600" (15.2 mm) | 5G, irada yezimoto |
| **WR-15** | 50–75 GHz (V-band) | UG-387Mini/UPC | Umbuthano we-Bolt: 0.400" (10.2 mm) | mmWave, ucwaningo |

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### **Ubukhulu be-Flange (Okuvamile)**
1. **I-Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD)**: Ububanzi bendingilizi obakhiwe izikhungo zamabhawodi akhuphukayo.
2. **Isikhala Sezimbobo**: Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo zamabholithi (isb., amaphethini anezimbobo ezi-4 noma eziyi-8).
3. **Imbobo ye-Waveguide**: Ifanisa nobukhulu bangaphakathi be-waveguide.

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### **Ubudlelwano Obubalulekile**
1. **Usayizi we-Waveguide ↔ Usayizi we-Flange**:
- Amagagasi amakhulu (amaza aphansi) asebenzisa ama-flange amakhulu (isb., WR-112 flange > WR-90 flange).
- Amagagasi amancane (amaza aphakeme) asebenzisa ama-compact flange (isb, i-WR-28, WR-15).

2. **Ukuhambelana kweFlange**:
- Ama-Flanges kufanele afane **ngomshini** (ukuqondanisa imbobo, i-BCD) kanye **ngogesi** (ukuqhubeka kokuphazamiseka).
- Ukuxuba izinhlobo ze-flange (isb, UG-387 ne-CPR-137) kudinga ama-adaptha.

3. **Amazinga Ngesifunda**:
- **MIL-STD (UG/UPC)**: Ivamile ezinhlelweni zokuvikela zase-US.
- **IEC/CPR**: Okujwayelekile ezinhlelweni zezohwebo zaseYurophu.

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### **Isibonelo samazinga e-Flange**
| **Uhlobo lweFlange** | **Ukuhambisana kwe-Waveguide** | **Izici Eziyinhloko** |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| **UG-387/UPC** | WR-90, WR-62, WR-42 | I-4-hole, i-MIL-STD-392, isetshenziswa kabanzi. |
| **UG-599/UPC** | I-WR-28, WR-15 | Ihlangene, yezinhlelo ze-mmWave. |
| **CPR-137** | I-WR-112, WR-90 | Izinga laseYurophu, iphethini enezimbobo eziyi-8. |
| **Khipha iFlange** | Konke | Idizayini ene-grooved yokuvuza okuncishisiwe. |

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### **Amanothi**
- Qinisekisa njalo **imidwebo eyimishini** evela kubakhiqizi ukuze uthole ubukhulu obuqondile.
- Ama-flange angafani adala **ukunqamuka kokuvinjwa**, okuholela ekonakaleni kwe-VSWR.
- Kuzinhlelo zevacuum, sebenzisa **O-ring evaliwe ikhava flange**.

Ngazise uma udinga inhlanganisela ethize ye-waveguide-flange!